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What Is Lubrication?

Read the whole story on Machinery Lubrication here.

Wes Cash, Noria Corporation
Tags: industrial lubricants, synthetic lubricants, greases

What Is Lubrication

Lubrication is a word that’s often used in regards to machinery reliability and maintenance, but what is lubrication? The dictionary defines lubrication as the application of some oily or greasy substance in order to diminish friction. Although this is a valid definition, it fails to realize all that lubrication actually achieves.

Many different substances can be used to lubricate a surface. Oil and grease are the most common. Grease is composed of oil and a thickening agent to obtain its consistency, while the oil is what actually lubricates. Oils can be synthetic, vegetable or mineral-based as well as a combination of these. The application determines which oil, commonly referred to as the base oil, should be used. In extreme conditions, synthetic oils can be beneficial. Where the environment is of concern, vegetable base oils may be utilized.

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Lubricants containing oil have additives that enhance, add or suppress properties within the base oil. The amount of additives depends on the type of oil and the application for which it will be used. For instance, engine oil might have a dispersant added. A dispersant keeps insoluble matter conglomerated together to be removed by the filter upon circulation. In environments that undergo extremes in temperature, from cold to hot, a viscosity index (VI) improver may be added. These additives are long organic molecules that stay bunched together in cold conditions and unravel in hotter environments. This process changes the oil’s viscosity and allows it to flow better in cold conditions while still maintaining its high-temperature properties. The only problem with additives is that they can be depleted, and in order to restore them back to sufficient levels, generally the oil volume must be replaced.

Types of Oil Reducing friction is a key objective of lubrication, but there are many other benefits of this process. Lubricating films can help prevent corrosion by protecting the surface from water and other corrosive substances. In addition, they play an important role in controlling contamination within systems. The lubricant works as a conduit in which it transports contaminants to filters to be removed. These fluids also aid in temperature control by absorbing heat from surfaces and transferring it to a point of lower temperature where it can be dissipated.

There are three different types of lubrication: boundary, mixed and full film. Each type is different, but they all rely on a lubricant and the additives within the oils to protect against wear.

Full-film lubrication can be broken down into two forms: hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic. Hydrodynamic lubrication occurs when two surfaces in sliding motion (relative to each other) are fully separated by a film of fluid. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication is similar but occurs when the surfaces are in a rolling motion (relative to each other). The film layer in elastohydrodynamic conditions is much thinner than that of hydrodynamic lubrication, and the pressure on the film is greater. It is called elastohydrodynamic because the film elastically deforms the rolling surface to lubricate it.

Wes Cash, Noria Corporation
Tags: industrial lubricants, synthetic lubricants, greases

There are three different types of lubrication: boundary, mixed and full film. Each type is different, but they all rely on a lubricant and the additives within the oils to protect against wear.

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Posted on February 29, 2012 by jl, Reply

AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR snowmobile oil | Amsoil snowmobile oil.

Amsoil Snowmobile Oil

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See all Amsoil snowmobile oil products here.

Amsoil snowmobile oil

INTERCEPTOR™ High Performance Synthetic 2-Cycle Oil (AIT)
A high-performance two-cycle oil with a performance emphasis on exhaust power valves. Excellent for all types of snowmobiles, motorcycles, personal watercraft, ATVs and jet boats. Contains high levels of detergent additives to prevent valve sticking. High quality replacement for manufacturer branded oils. Injector use or 50:1 premix. JASO FC, API TC

Amsoil Snowmobile Oil

Amsoil Snowmobile Oil AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR™ Synthetic 2-Cycle Oil is formulated with a proprietary blend of the finest synthetic base oils and additives available today. This unique AMSOIL Chemistry represents a breakthrough development in the field of two-cycle engine lubrication. The backbone of AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR 2-Cycle Oil is a specially developed molecularly saturated synthetic base oil. This, combined with a robust additive package, ensures exceptional lubricity, cleanliness and optimum clean-burning characteristics. Extensive research and testing, including a full snowmobiling season in severe Rocky Mountain applications, has proven that wear on cylinders, pistons and bearings is significantly reduced. And with up to 30 percent more detergency and dispersancy additives than typical two-cycle oils, Amsoil Snowmobile Oil AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR virtually eliminates hard carbon deposits that cause exhaust power valve sticking, ring sticking and preignition-promoting “hot spots” in the combustion chamber.

Helps prevents hard carbon deposits that cause exhaust power valve sticking and ring sticking.
Superior lubricity controls cylinder, piston and bearing wear.
Reduces smoke and odor associated with two-cycle engines.
Helps prevent plug fouling.
Provides exceptional SAE #4 cold temperature fluidity (-58°F pour point).
Versatile and excellent for all types of recreational equipment.
Protects against rust.
Helps prevent pre-detonation from combustion chamber “hot spots.”

Amsoil Snowmobile Oil

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR Synthetic 2-Cycle Oil is formulated with a proprietary blend of the finest synthetic base oils and additives available today. This unique AMSOIL chemistry represents a breakthrough development in the field of two-cycle engine lubrication.

The backbone of AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR 2-Cycle Oil is a specially developed molecularly saturated synthetic base oil. This, combined with a potent additive package, ensures exceptional lubricity, cleanliness and optimum clean-burning characteristics. Extensive research and testing, including a full snowmobiling season in severe Rocky Mountain applications, has proven that wear on cylinders, pistons and bearings is dramatically reduced. And with up to 30 percent more detergency and dispersancy than typical two-cycle oils, AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR virtually eliminates damaging deposits on piston skirts, ring grooves and exhaust power valves.

APPLICATIONS

AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR Synthetic 2-Cycle Oil is recommended as an injector oil or at a 50:1 mix ratio in carbureted, electronic fuel Injected (EFI) and direct fuel injected (DFI) snowmobiles, personal watercraft, motorcycles, ATVs and jet boats, including, but not limited to, those manufactured by Bombardier®, Yamaha®, Arctic Cat®, Polaris®, Kawasaki®, Suzuki® and Honda®.

It is recommended wherever JASO FC or API TC two-cycle oils are specified. INTERCEPTOR is a premium quality replacement for recreational equipment manufacturers’ branded two-cycle oils. It is compatible with most mineral and synthetic two-cycle oils, however, for best performance, mixing oils should be minimized.

400,000 Miles of Severe Snowmobile Field testing With No Deposit Buildup, Power Valve Sticking, Ring Sticking or Engine Failures.
Subjected to adverse field testing conditions in the Rocky Mountains, including long trail rides, high RPM powder riding and steep hill climbs, AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR demonstrated superior wear protection and outstanding deposit control.

Amsoil snowmobile oil

No carbon deposits are detectable in the functioning region of the exhaust power valves, resulting in “no stick” performance, continuous valve operation and reduced maintenance.

Amsoil snowmobile oil

Pistons show no scoring, little or no wear and no heavy deposits, and wrist pins show no discoloration from heat. In fact, the original machine markings on the pistons are still visible.
Cylinder head is clean with no deposits, preventing pre-ignition problems.

http://www.syntheticoilhq.com

http://www.syntheticoilhq.com/blog

Engine Fogging Oil

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Posted on December 12, 2011 by jl, 2 comments

Two cycle Engine Applications and Lubrication

Two cycle Engine

Applications and Lubrication Needs

The best two cycle engine oil

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Two cycle engines can be found nearly everywhere these days. They are used in dozens of applications and in a wide variety of designs for everything from work and recreation to power generation. two cycle engines have design differences and operate under conditions that require different oil chemistries than their four-cycle counterparts. In order to recommend a lubricant for a two-cycle engine, one needs to know how this engine operates, why it is used in place of a four-cycle engine and where and in what type of applications it is used.

Two cycle Engine

What is a two cycle engine? How do two cycle engines work?

Two cycle engine

The terms “two-cycle” and “two-stroke” are often inter-changed when speaking about two cycle engines. These engines derive their name from the amount of directional changes that the pistons make during each power stroke. Internal combustion engines are used to produce mechanical power from the chemical energy contained in hydrocarbon fuels. The power-producing part of the motor’s operating cycle starts inside the motor’s cylinders with a compression process. Following this compression, the burning of the fuel-air mixture then releases the fuel’s chemical energy and produces high-temperature, high-pressure combustion products. These gases then expand within each cylinder and transfer work to the piston. Thus, as the engine is operated continuously, mechanical power is produced. Each upward or downward movement of the piston is called a stroke. There are two commonly used internal combustion engine cycles: the two-stroke cycle (Two cycle engine) and the four-stroke cycle.

Two cycle Engine

How are two cycle engines different from four-cycle engines?

Two cycle engine

The fundamental difference between two cycle engines and four-cycle engines is in their gas exchange process, or more simply, the removal of the burned gases at the end of each expansion process and the induction of a fresh mixture for the next cycle. The two cycle engine has an expansion, or power stroke, in each cylinder during each revolution of the crankshaft. The exhaust and the charging processes occur simultaneously as the piston moves through its lowest or bottom center position.

In a four-cycle engine, the burned gasses are first displaced by the piston during an upward stroke, and then a fresh charge enters the cylinder during the following downward stroke. This means that four-cycle engines require two complete turns of the crankshaft to make a power stroke, versus the single turn necessary in a two-cycle engine. In other words, two-cycle engines operate on 360 degrees of crankshaft rotation, whereas four-cycle engines operate on 720 degrees of crankshaft rotation.

Where are two cycle engines used?

Two-cycle engines are inexpensive to build and operate when compared to four-cycle engines. They are lighter in weight and they can also produce a higher power-to-weight ratio. For these reasons, two-cycle engines are very useful in applications such as chainsaws, Weedeaters, outboards, lawnmowers and motorcycles, to name just a few. Two-cycle engines are also easier to start in cold temperatures. Part of this may be due to their design and the lack of an oil sump. This is a reason why these engines are also commonly used in snowmobiles and snow blowers.

Some advantages and disadvantages of two-cycle engines

Because two-cycle engines can effectively double the number of power strokes per unit time when compared to four-cycle engines, power output is increased. However, it does not increase by a factor of two. The outputs of two-cycle engines range from only 20 to 60 percent above those of equivalent-size four-cycle units. This lower than expected increase is a result of the poorer than ideal charging efficiency, or in other words, incomplete filling of the cylinder volume with fresh fuel and air. There is also a major disadvantage in this power transfer scenario. The higher frequency of combustion events in the two-cycle engine results in higher average heat transfer rates from the hot burned gases to the motor’s combustion chamber walls. Higher temperatures and higher thermal stresses in the cylinder head (especially on the piston crown) result. Traditional two-cycle engines are also not highly efficient because a scavenging effect allows up to 30 percent of the unburned fuel/oil mixture into the exhaust. In addition, a portion of the exhaust gas remains in the combustion chamber during the cycle. These inefficiencies contribute to the power loss when compared to four-cycle engines and explains why two-cycle engines can achieve only up to 60 percent more power.

How are two-cycle engines lubricated?

Two-cycle motors are considered total-loss type lubricating systems. Because the crankcase is part of the intake process, it cannot act as an oil sump as is found on four-cycle engines. Lubricating traditional two-cycle engines is done by mixing the oil with the fuel. The oil is burned upon combustion of the air/fuel mixture. Direct Injection engines are different because the fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber while the oil is injected directly into the crankcase. This process is efficient because the fuel is injected after the exhaust port closes, and therefore more complete combustion of fuel occurs and more power is developed. Direct injection engines have a higher power density than traditional two-cycle engines. Because the oil is directly injected into the crankcase, less oil is necessary and lower oil consumption results (80:1 range). Direct Injection motors have higher combustion temperatures, often up to 120F. They also require more lubricity than traditional two-cycle motors.

Amsoil Dominator

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Posted on November 26, 2011 by jl, 1 comment

AMSOIL PRODUCTS PREPARE EQUIPMENT FOR TOUGH WINTER WEATHER

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AMSOIL PRODUCTS PREPARE EQUIPMENT FOR TOUGH WINTER WEATHER

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The fall months are the time to place boats, motorcycles and lawn care equipment into storage and prepare snowmobiles, snowblowers and other vehicles for the coming winter.

Amsoil

AMSOIL products are formulated to provide maximum protection for engines and fuel systems during storage, while Amsoil synthetic motor oils’ low pour points provide superior cold-temperature protection and performance in two-and four-stroke winter equipment.

Fall Storage Protection

Gasoline can break down in as little as 60 days, causing varnish and gums that clog injectors, fuel lines and carburetors, leading to poor engine performance and starting problems. In many applications, draining the fuel system can be impractical, and doing so can expose the system to corrosion on the bare metal in the tank and fuel system and cause gasket and seal cracking.

AMSOIL Gasoline Stabilizer reduces the oxidation that occurs when fuel is store for extended periods, improving performance, extending equipment life and decreasing maintenance expenses.
During storage, fluctuations in ambient temperatures can form condensation within the engine that can cause surface corrosion on cylinder liners, piston rings, anti-friction bearings and steel/iron contact surfaces on rotational seals. Long periods of storage can also dry out cylinders, often resulting in permanent damage when the equipment is dry-started in the spring.

AMSOIL Engine Fogging Oil offers superior film retention, providing long-term protection against corrosion and dry starts, extending engine life and reducing operating expenses. Its aerosol spray formulation offers easy and clean application, while reaching more components and offering complete distribution of the oil, something especially beneficial in applications with horizontal cylinder orientation, such as outboard motors.

Winter Four-Stroke Performance

Conventional oils thicken in the cold, which can result in inadequate lubrication to critical engine parts at cold start-up, or even prevent the engine from starting.
AMSOIL Formula 4-Stroke Power Sports Synthetic Motor Oil provides serious protection and performance in four-stroke engines, including ATVs and snowmobiles. Its broad 0W-40 viscosity rating effectively protects in both hot and cold temperature extremes.
AMSOIL Formula 4-Stroke Synthetic Small Engine Oil provides exceptional protection in the severe-service conditions common in both gasoline-and diesel-fueled small engines including welders, skidsteers, compressors, snowblowers and more. It remains fluid at sub-zero temperatures for superior cold-weather protection.
Winter Two-Stroke Performance
AMSOIL DOMINATOR and INTERCEPTOR
Synthetic 2-cycle Oils provides exceptional performance in snowmobiles and other two-stroke equipment. Amsoil DOMINATOR is formulated with heavier base oils for “on the edge” operation, while also protecting pistons and bearings subjected to the rigors of extreme riding.
AMSOIL INTERCEPTOR is engineered specifically for power-sports applications and engines equipped with exhaust power valves. It contains the finest synthetic base oils and additives for exceptional cleanliness, while controlling exhaust valve sticking and providing outstanding overall lubrication.
Gasoline Additive
AMSOIL Quick shot SE is formulated to thoroughly clean varnish, gums and insoluble debris in two-and four-stroke gasoline-powered small engines and power sports equipment fuel systems, restoring peak performance. Amsoil Quickshot effectively addresses performance issues related to ethanol, water and dirty pump gas, while stabilizing fuel between uses and during short-term storage periods. Use Amsoil for fewer fuel related problems and better winter performance.

http://www.syntheticoilhq.com

Posted on November 19, 2011 by jl, Reply

The Importance of Using the Right Oil in Your Car

It’s vital that you use the right kind of oil in your car as it can really make a difference to the life of your engine. Every time you use your car, it wears down the component parts of the engine a little bit more, so using oil is really important to make them last longer and keep things working smoothly for as long as possible.

The purpose of using motor oil is to stop all the metal parts in the engine grinding together and causing damage. Also, when car engines run, they produce by-products such as acid and silica that can be damaging. Motor fluid keeps them from causing damage by making sure the moving parts are all covered in oil. This makes automotive lubricants extremely important.

Because it’s such an important thing, you need to make sure you’re using good motor oil that will keep your car working well. There are three main types of automotive lubricant: mineral, semi synthetic and fully synthetic.

Mineral motor oil

This type of oil needs to be changed more regularly and offer basic protection for car engines, but they often have trouble turning over the engine in cold weather, which means you need to be really careful how you use them.

Semi synthetic motor oil

This type of oil needs to be changed less frequently, which means it is more effective for longer than mineral oils. You also good pretty good protection, particularly when the car first starts up and it it’s three times better at reducing engine wear, but you need to make sure you get a really good quality semi synthetic motor oil to make sure the engine will be able to start smoothly even at low temperatures.

Fully synthetic motor oil

This type of oil is specially formulated to be good at what it does and it can help you make fuel economy savings as it’s much more efficient at protecting your engine and keeping it working properly. It’s a great oil to use if you’re looking to maximise your engine power and overall performance. It also offers very good protection to moving parts of the engine and is the best of the three different types of automotive lubricant when it comes to starting the engine in cold weather. It stops the engine from wearing out and prevents build ups of the sort of dangerous deposits mentioned above. This makes synthetic motor oil a good option for your car.

It’s really important that you use a good, reliable oil for your car engine as otherwise it can lead to major problems. If you use the wrong oil, it won’t be able to cope in the conditions it’s subjected to, which can force it to change its chemical composition. This leads to it turning into a sort of sludge that’s sometimes known as the Black Death. This can cause engines to seize up and terrible damage to be done, so it’s definitely worth giving serious consideration to your choice of car oil.

The selection of the correct oils and lubrication fluids is a vital part of the safe ownership of any mechanical equipment, be it a car or industrial plant. Graham Baylis is working with some of the best experts in the field, Exol Lubricants. See www.exol-lubricants.com

Posted on April 22, 2011 by submityourarticle, Reply

Amsoil – Synthetic Oil HQ | Amsoil Synthetic Oil | Synthetic Motorcycle Oil

What Is Lubrication?